Liver failure occurs when the liver becomes severely damaged
and can no longer perform essential functions adequately. The liver plays a
vital role in removing harmful substances from the blood, producing important
proteins, processing nutrients, and supporting digestion and metabolism.
Liver failure can develop gradually over time or, in some
cases, occur suddenly.
Symptoms may include:
● Yellowing of the skin and eyes
● Severe fatigue
● Loss of appetite
● Nausea and vomiting
● Abdominal swelling
● Swelling of the legs
● Easy bruising or bleeding
● Dark urine
● Pale stools
● Confusion or changes in behaviour
● Excessive sleepiness
Sudden confusion, severe drowsiness, vomiting blood, or
significant bleeding can indicate a medical emergency.
Liver failure may result from:
● Advanced cirrhosis
● Chronic hepatitis
● Severe alcohol-related liver disease
● Drug-induced liver injury
● Certain toxins
● Autoimmune liver disease
● Inherited metabolic conditions
● Severe acute liver infections
Liver failure requires medical attention. If you develop
jaundice, abdominal swelling, unexplained bleeding, significant confusion, or
sudden deterioration in your health, seek medical care promptly.
Acute liver failure can progress rapidly and may require
emergency treatment in a hospital.
Doctors may use liver function tests, blood clotting tests,
blood counts, imaging studies, viral tests, and other investigations to
determine the extent and cause of liver damage.
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and whether liver
failure is acute or chronic. It may involve medicines, treatment of infections
or toxins, management of complications, nutritional support, and close
monitoring.
For people with irreversible advanced liver failure, liver
transplantation may be the most appropriate treatment.
Prompt diagnosis can be critical, particularly in cases of
acute liver failure.
